`pwmWrite()`¶

Sets a PWM output pin to a value between 0 and 1024, controlling how much power is delivered. Use this with pins configured as PWM_OUTPUT with pinMode().

Signature¶

void pwmWrite(int pin, int value);

Parameters¶

Parameter	Type	Description
`pin`	`int`	The PWM-capable pin number
`value`	`int`	Duty cycle, from `0` (off) to `1024` (full power)

Return value¶

None (void).

Value range¶

Value	Meaning
`0`	Off — no power delivered
`512`	Half power (50% duty cycle)
`1024`	Full power (100% duty cycle)

Any integer between 0 and 1024 is valid.

Example¶

Fading a light through three brightness levels:

void loop(void) {
    pwmWrite(12, 256);    // 25% — dim
    delay(1000);
    pwmWrite(12, 512);    // 50% — medium
    delay(1000);
    pwmWrite(12, 1024);   // 100% — full brightness
    delay(1000);
}

Why 1024 and not 100?

1024 is 2¹⁰ — a round number in binary. PWM hardware counts in powers of two, so the maximum is one step beyond 1023 (10-bit maximum). See What is PWM? for the full explanation.

pwmWrite()¶